In the post‐Communist period, the territory — which under communism was an expression of the sovereignty of the centralized state — now carries the founding aspirations of local or regional communities which are determined to reconstitute political relations on a different basis. This is illustrated by focusing on negotiations to define cross‐border (Oder‐Neisse) economic privileges and on political competences in the region of Upper Silesia. An examination of these themes allows us to define the post‐Communist identity as a construct of collective action, based on the reinvestment of various historical resources and on the formation of cleavages directed at redefining relations between the centre and the political periphery. Several features of the old political order have been reconstituted in this way.